Vietnam at a Glance 2025

Macroeconomic Overview of Vietnam (Updated to Year-end 2025)

Vietnam maintained strong economic momentum in 2025, reinforcing its position as one of Asia's fastest-growing economies. Despite continued global uncertainties, geopolitical tensions, supply chain adjustments, and trade policy changes, the country achieved broad-based growth supported by resilient domestic demand, strong export performance, expanding manufacturing, robust foreign direct investment (FDI), and accelerated public investment. According to the National Statistics Office (NSO), Vietnam's GDP grew by 8.02% in 2025, the second-highest annual growth rate during the 2011–2025 period, reflecting the country's resilient macroeconomic fundamentals and improving business environment.

1. Economic Growth

Vietnam's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current prices was estimated at approximately VND 12,847.6 trillion (USD 514 billion) in 2025, an increase of nearly USD 38 billion compared to 2024. GDP per capita reached VND 125.5 million (approximately USD 5,026), marking the first time Vietnam's per capita income exceeded the USD 5,000 threshold.

Economic growth was broad-based across all major sectors:

The service sector remained the largest contributor to GDP, while manufacturing continued to be the principal engine of industrial expansion and export growth.

2. Manufacturing and Industrial Production

Vietnam further strengthened its position as a regional manufacturing hub in 2025.

The industrial sector benefited from:

• Continued expansion of electronics manufacturing.
• Growth in machinery and precision engineering.
• Increasing semiconductor-related investment.
• Strong recovery in textile, footwear, furniture and food processing industries.
• Rising production linked to global supply-chain diversification.

Manufacturing remained the dominant industrial subsector and continued to attract high-value foreign investment, particularly in electronics, renewable energy equipment, automotive components, and high-tech manufacturing.

3. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Agriculture continued to provide an important foundation for economic stability and food security.

Vietnam remained one of the world's leading exporters of:

• Rice
• Coffee
• Pepper
• Cashew nuts
• Seafood
• Fruits and vegetables

The sector increasingly adopted sustainable production methods, digital agriculture, and climate-resilient farming technologies to improve productivity and export competitiveness.

4. Enterprise Development

Vietnam's private sector continued to expand, supported by ongoing business environment reforms, digital transformation, and simplified administrative procedures.

The Government continued implementing measures to:

• Improve the investment climate.
• Reduce administrative burdens.
• Accelerate digital public services.
• Promote innovation and entrepreneurship.
• Encourage private investment.

These reforms strengthened investor confidence and enhanced Vietnam's competitiveness as a regional investment destination.

5. Domestic Consumption

Domestic demand remained an important growth driver throughout 2025.

Final consumption increased by 7.95%, reflecting:

• Rising household income.
• Recovery in retail activities.
• Expansion of the middle-income population.
• Growth of e-commerce.
• Strong consumer confidence.

Vietnam continues to represent one of Southeast Asia's most attractive consumer markets, supported by a young population, rapid urbanization, and increasing digital adoption.

6. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Vietnam remained one of Asia's leading destinations for foreign direct investment.

As of 31 December 2025:

Realized FDI reached the highest level in the past five years, reflecting sustained investor confidence in Vietnam's manufacturing capacity, political stability, strategic location, and expanding network of free trade agreements.

Major investment sectors included:

• Manufacturing
• High-tech industries
• Electronics
• Renewable energy
• Logistics
• Real estate
• Digital economy
• Data centers

Major investors continued to come from:

• Singapore
• South Korea
• Japan
• China
• Hong Kong SAR
• Taiwan
• United States
• European Union

7. International Trade

Vietnam maintained its position as one of the world's most trade-oriented economies.

In 2025:

Exports increased by 17.0% compared with 2024, driven by strong global demand for electronics, machinery, textiles, furniture, and agricultural products. Imports also expanded, reflecting increased purchases of production materials and intermediate goods for manufacturing.

The FDI sector remained the dominant contributor to exports, accounting for more than three-quarters of total export turnover.

Major export markets included:

• United States
• China
• European Union
• Japan
• South Korea
• ASEAN

8. Public Investment

Public investment continued to play an important role in supporting economic growth.

Total realized social investment reached approximately VND 4,150.5 trillion, representing an annual increase of 12.1%.

Priority infrastructure projects included:

• North–South Expressway
• Long Thanh International Airport
• Ring Roads in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
• Deep-water seaports
• Digital infrastructure
• National logistics network

These investments are expected to enhance Vietnam's long-term productivity and logistics competitiveness.

9. Macroeconomic Stability

Vietnam maintained a stable macroeconomic environment throughout 2025.

Key strengths included:

• Strong GDP growth.
• Stable inflation.
• Healthy foreign exchange reserves.
• Positive trade surplus.
• Increasing labor productivity.
• Expanding domestic market.
• Stable banking system.
• Strong fiscal performance.

These factors continue to strengthen Vietnam's attractiveness as a long-term investment destination.

10. Why Vietnam?

Vietnam has emerged as one of the most attractive investment destinations in Asia due to its combination of political stability, competitive manufacturing capabilities, strategic geographic location, extensive network of free trade agreements, and rapidly expanding domestic market.

Key competitive advantages include:

• Strategic location at the center of ASEAN.
• Participation in more than 15 Free Trade Agreements (including CPTPP, EVFTA and RCEP).
• Competitive labor costs with an increasingly skilled workforce.
• Strong manufacturing ecosystem.
• Modernizing logistics infrastructure.
• Rapid digital transformation.
• Stable macroeconomic environment.
• Pro-investment government policies.
• Growing middle class and domestic consumption.

Supported by sustained economic reforms, digitalization, and integration into global value chains, Vietnam continues to strengthen its position as a preferred destination for manufacturing, logistics, technology, renewable energy, and cross-border trade investment in the Asia-Pacific region.

Table 1. Vietnam at a Glance (2025)

Sources: National Statistics Office (NSO), Ministry of Finance.

Table 2. Macroeconomic Indicators

Table 3. GDP Structure by Economic Sector

Table 4. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Table 5. Top FDI Source Economies

Table 6. Top FDI Destination Provinces / Cities

Table 7. International Trade

Table 8. Major Export Commodities

Table 9. Major Import Commodities

Table 10. Vietnam's Major Trading Partners

Table 11. Enterprise Development

Table 12. Tourism

135 million

approximately 38–40 billion USD

Table 13. Logistics Infrastructure

Table 14. Free Trade Agreements

Table 15. Competitive Advantages